concerning Use of submarines and noxious gas in warfare
summary
DURING THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE OF 1922, ARTICLE 5 DISCUSSES THE USE OF NOXIOUS GASES IN WARFARE, AND THE OTHER ARTICLES DISCUSS THE USE OF SUBMARINES IN WARFARE. "THE TREATY HAS NOT ENTERED INTO FORCE BY REASON OF DOUBTS CONCERNING THE PREVISIONS ON SUBMARINE WARFARE" AND THE FACT THAT FRANCE DID NOT RATIFY THE TREATY. (International Committee of the Red Cross, n.d.)
THE POLITICAL EFFECTS
ARTICLE 1: MADE IT SO IT WAS INTERNATIONAL LAW THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED BY THE PARTIES WHO SIGNED.
" (1) THE SIGNATORY POWERS DECLARE THAT AMONG THE RULES ADOPTED BY CIVILIZED NATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE LIVES OF NEUTRALS AND NONCOMBATANTS AT SEA IN TIME OF WAR, THE FOLLOWING AREA TO BE DEEMED AN ESTABLISHED PART OF INTERNATIONAL LAW:
- A MERCHANT VESSEL MUST BE ORDERED TO SUBMIT TO VISIT AND SEARCH TO DETERMINE ITS CHARACTER BEFORE IT CAN BE SEIZED.
-A MERCHANT VESSEL MUST NOT BE ATTACKED UNLESS IT REFUSES TO SUBMIT TO VISIT AND SEARCH AFTER WARNING, OR TO PROCEED AS DIRECTED AFTER SEIZURE.
-A MERCHANT VESSEL MUST NOT BE DESTROYED UNLESS THE CREW AND PASSENGERS HAVE BEEN FIRST PLACED IN SAFETY.
- (2) SUBMARINES ARE NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES EXEMPT FROM THE UNIVERSAL RULES STATED ABOVE; AND IF A SUBMARINE CANNOT CAPTURE A MERCHANT VESSEL IN CONFORMITY WITH THESE RULES THE EXISTING LAW OF NATIONS REQUIRE IT TO DESIST FROM ATTACK AND FROM SEIZURE AND TO PERMIT THE MERCHANT VESSEL TO PROCEED UNMOLESTED." (International Committee of the Red Cross, n.d.)
" (1) THE SIGNATORY POWERS DECLARE THAT AMONG THE RULES ADOPTED BY CIVILIZED NATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE LIVES OF NEUTRALS AND NONCOMBATANTS AT SEA IN TIME OF WAR, THE FOLLOWING AREA TO BE DEEMED AN ESTABLISHED PART OF INTERNATIONAL LAW:
- A MERCHANT VESSEL MUST BE ORDERED TO SUBMIT TO VISIT AND SEARCH TO DETERMINE ITS CHARACTER BEFORE IT CAN BE SEIZED.
-A MERCHANT VESSEL MUST NOT BE ATTACKED UNLESS IT REFUSES TO SUBMIT TO VISIT AND SEARCH AFTER WARNING, OR TO PROCEED AS DIRECTED AFTER SEIZURE.
-A MERCHANT VESSEL MUST NOT BE DESTROYED UNLESS THE CREW AND PASSENGERS HAVE BEEN FIRST PLACED IN SAFETY.
- (2) SUBMARINES ARE NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES EXEMPT FROM THE UNIVERSAL RULES STATED ABOVE; AND IF A SUBMARINE CANNOT CAPTURE A MERCHANT VESSEL IN CONFORMITY WITH THESE RULES THE EXISTING LAW OF NATIONS REQUIRE IT TO DESIST FROM ATTACK AND FROM SEIZURE AND TO PERMIT THE MERCHANT VESSEL TO PROCEED UNMOLESTED." (International Committee of the Red Cross, n.d.)
LonG-term impact on culture and society
THE TREATY WAS MEANT TO CREATE PEACE AND ORDER DURING A CONFLICT TO ENSURE A LARGER WAR WOULD NOT BREAK OUT.
references: jaimie gaffney
International Committee of the Red Cross. (n.d.). Treaty relating to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare. Washington, 6 February 1922: Art 1. Retrieved on June 24, 2016 from https//:www.icrc.org/applic.ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=AE48C18B39E087CCC12563CD005182E3
Header Image: http://www.greatwar.nl/frames/default-how.html
Header Image: http://www.greatwar.nl/frames/default-how.html